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Biologically Closed Electric Circuits Bok
Clinical, Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for an Additional Circulatory System
Clinical, Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for an Additional Circulatory System
Alias: experimental and theoretical evidence for an additional circulatory system
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Forewords Acknowledgements I. Summary II. Radiographic detectability of corona structures Reference III. Corona structures around malignant and benign neoplasms in the lung A. A zone B. Small arches and arcades C. B zone, including its demonstration in a dog model D. Interlobular fluid accumulation E. Radiating structures F. Course radiating structures: lamellae and infiltrated strands G. Narrowing and circular displacement of vessels around lung tumours H. Differential diagnosis: B zone, pleural thickening and retraction pocket. Pathogenesis of local retraction of lung and pleura References IV. Corona structures around inflammatory lesions, including those of silicosis Reference V. Discussion of the radiological observations of corona structures References VI. Electric potentials in normal lung, pleura and liver and in focal pulmonary lesions, including bronchogenic carcinoma A. Preliminary studies 1. Introduction 2. Procedures 3. Case material 4. Results B. Short circuiting of different parts of normal subcutaneous tissue C. Induced levelling of the electric potential of pulmonary lesions D. Experimental charging and discharging of tissue E. Control studies of electric potentials of normal and pathological tissues 1. Electrodes, recording of potentials and techniques of cell sampling 2. Electric potentials of pleura and lung 3. Fluctuating demand potential of a reference tissue (liver) 4. Electric potential of pulmonary carcinomas F. Summary and conclusions References VII. Spontaneous development of a fluctuating injury potential in tissue A. Degradation of blood B. The fluctuating electrochemical potential of an injured tissue References VIII. Concentration-dispersion force: A brief review of intermolecular physical behaviour References IX. Water: Electroosmotic transport over closed electric circuits A. Movement of water into necrotic tissue B. Intercellular space and movement of water through tissue C. Fixed surface charges on cells D. Liquid water: structure and energy E. Electroosmosis, transport mechanisms Types I-IV 1. Type I electroosmosis 2. Type II electroosmosis 3. Type III electroosmosis 4. Type IV electroosmosis F. Two distinguishable pressure variables in electroosmotic transport of water 1. Experimental methods and results 2. Discussion of pressure changes and electric transport of water G. Transport energy in Type I electroosmosis H. Experimental electroosmosis in dog and human lung tissue I. Electroosmotic flow of water: local displacement of water in the formation of A and B zones around a tumour References X. Corpuscular movment and structural development: Effects of molecular and electric field forces A. Experimental model: molecular forces and a superimposed electric field combine in vitro to form corona structures B. Molecular and electrostatic forces in the development of A and B zones C. Edge enhancement and radiating structures D. Stabilizing effects on radiating structures E. Development of arches and arcades F. Inertness and matrix functions G. Energy potential of corpuscular distribution H. Structural effects of molecular concentration forces F. Electrolytic double layers References XI. Structural effects of an artificial tumour in dog lung A. Experimantal studies B. Discussion References XII. Biologically closed electric circuits (BCEC) A. Corrosion in vivo 1. Ordinary uncomplicated corrosion 2. Corrosion influenced by BCEC: "complicated corrosion" 3. The precipitation line 4. Dynamic factors in in vivo corrosion 5. Pathways for the electric current B. A biologically closed electric circuit over vascular-interstitial conducting channels 1. Structure of the vascular-interstitial closed circuit (VICC) 2. Resistivity of tissue and body fluids 3. Resistivity of the walls of bloos vessels a) Alternating current b) Pulsed direct current C. Observations of a preferential electric pathway in vessels and tissues 1. Cathodic field 2. Anodic field D. Structuring of interfaces in BCEC systems: development of membranes and organ capsules E. Capillaries and VICC 1. Biologic transfer of electrons 2. The capillary wall 3. Capillary reaction in electric fields 4. Selective distribution of granulocytes in a closed circuit 5. Mechanisms of regional contraction of arterioles and arterial capillaries 6. Search for redox sites: possible origin of the basement membrane and the endothelial fibrin film 7. Search for redox sites: the vesicles 8. Long and short distance selective transport in tissue over VICC systems F. Conclusions References XIII. Energetics of BCEC systems, ionars and ergonars A. Components of BCEC systems B. Ionic energy C. Interdependence of energies, including gravity D. Ergonic energy E. Conversion of ionic and ergonic energy F. Development of ionars G. Ionars and ergonars in experimental electrolysis of water H. Discussion of experimental results I. Summary and conclusions References XIV. Experimental activation of vascular-interstitial closed circuits (VICC) A. Materials and methods B. Charging and discharging of tissue C. Diapedetic bleedings D. Vascular pockets, ischaemic dystrophy and perifocal enhancement of radiographic contrast E. Ionization and ionic recombinations F. Transport and mechanical effects G. Conductivity changes H. Effects on red blood cells and their distribution I. Accumulation of granulocytes J. A revised view of so-called chemotactic accumulation of granulocytes in inflammation K. Local accumulation in tissue of a charged chemical compound L. Direct current studies in the dog's lung 1. Acute anodic 2. Acute cathodic 3. Four weeks anodic 4. Four weeks cathodic M. Discussion References XV. Corona structures around pulmonary masses: vascular-interstitial closed circuit effects References XVI. Tissue transformations over BCEC in cancer of the breast A. Electric polarization in breast cancer 1. Case material and methods 2. Results 3. Discussion and conclusions B. Radiating structures C. Peritumoural changes of radiopacity D. Fat-water distribution: closed circuit effects and radiographic appearance in vitro E. Local alteration of conductivity in a fat-water mixture F. Closed circuit transports of fat and water in mammary fat tissue 1. Method 2. Results 3. Discussion and conclusions G. Peritumoural water and fat, including atrophy of fat adjacent to electronegative mammary carcinomas H. Circular displacement of tissue structures around breast tumours I. Arches and arcades J. Skin thickening and retraction: a result of altered distribution of tissue water K. Closed circuit production of fibrous radiating structures: cathodic and anodic types of fibrosis L. Closed circuit production of fibrous membranes M. Closed circuit production of a cathodic and anodic fibrous tissue N. Closed circuit production of anodic tissue channels O. Closed circuit production of cathodic tissue channles P. Transformation of tissue and cells across the intermediate zone between anode and cathode Q. Discussion on closed circuit development of vessels R. Microcalcifications: historical review S. Closed circuit production of microcalcifications T. The yellowish zone around breast carcinomas U. Electrophoretic accumulation of lymphocytes around and inside breast carcinomas V. Conclusions References XVII. Application of the principle of BCEC for treatment of cancer A. Spontaneous and induced healing of cancers B. Diathermic production of local tissue injury in lung tumours 1. Dry electrodes 2. Electrodes perfused with liquid 3. Results 4. Complications 5. Discussion C. Induction of healing reactions in tumours by direct current 1. Introduction 2. Preliminary technique 3. Preleminary conclusions 4. Electrodes 5. Application of electrodes 6. Voltage and current 7. Discussion D. Direct current treatment of malignant tumours in lung: experience in 20 patients 1. Case material 2. Preparation of patients 3. Technique of treatment 4. Case analysis of treated patients a) Mortality b) Beneficial effects of DC treatment 5. Complications E. DC treatment of lung tumours: discussion and conclusion References XVIII. Afterword: a discussion of principles and consequences of biologically closed electric circuits (BCEC) A. Structural and functional coordination in biology B. BCEC systems and their physicochemical activation C. Spontaneous reaction in BCEC systems 1. Healing of injured tissue 2. Production of scar tissue, structural transformation of tissue and cells 3. Calcification in tissue 4. Healing of fractures 5. Electroosmosis 6. Accumulation of white blood cells D. Artificial activation of BCEC systems Direct current treatment of cancer E. A possible role of BCEC in biogenesis, including carcinogenesis F. Morphogenetic capacity of BCEC systems Formation of membranes and organ capsules G. Physiological capacity of BCEC systems H. Acupuncture I. Vesicles in the transmission of nervous impulses J. Oral galvanism K. BCEC system as receptors for moving external electromagnetic fields Concluding remarks References Glossary Symbols and units Abbrevations Index